O-RAN (Open RAN)
Open Radio Access Network — disaggregera mobile-network radio + control software från single-vendor monolithic-equipment. Spec av O-RAN Alliance 2018+. Theory: vendor-neutral marketplace istället för Ericsson/Nokia/Huawei oligopoly.
Practice 2024: Rakuten (Japan), Dish Network (USA) launched fully-O-RAN-networks. AT&T announced O-RAN transition 2024 ($14B contract med Ericsson — ironic). EU + USA-political-support: "alternative to Huawei". Components: O-CU (Centralized Unit), O-DU (Distributed Unit), O-RU (Radio Unit), RIC (RAN Intelligent Controller). Reality-check: deployment-complexity högre än marketing-prowess. Mature-vendors (Ericsson, Samsung) have O-RAN-compliant products + traditional too — vendor-lock-in-via-bundling lever vidare.