5G NR (New Radio)
5G:s air-interface — 3GPP Release 15+ (2018). Successor till LTE (4G). Two frequency-ranges: FR1 (sub-6GHz, mainstream), FR2 (mmWave, 24-100 GHz, high-bandwidth-short-range). Standard cellular sedan 2020.
Massiv adoption 2020-2024: ~80% av smartphones sålda 2024 har 5G. Practical-speed: sub-6GHz typiskt 200-500 Mbps, mmWave 1-3 Gbps under perfect-conditions. mmWave-adoption-problem: range ~200m, blockas av träd/walls. Carriers (Verizon, T-Mobile USA) push mmWave + sub-6 hybrid. Network-slicing + ultra-low-latency (URLLC) är 5G-killer-features för IoT/factory-automation. 6G research-phase 2024+, standardisation 2028-2030.