Python
Guido van Rossum, 1991 — "the monolingualism of legibility". The world's most popular language per TIOBE/Stack Overflow since ~2018, primarily driven by AI/ML, data science and education.
Dynamically typed, GC, indentation as syntax. CPython is the reference implementation. Typing (PEP 484+) makes Python optionally statically typed via mypy/pyright. Python 3.13 (2024) introduces a GIL-free experimental build, JIT compiler experiments, free-threaded mode.
Dominates AI/ML (PyTorch, TensorFlow, scikit-learn, transformers), data science (pandas, polars, NumPy), web (Django, FastAPI, Flask), automation, education. The default choice for "a short script that just works".