Julia
Scientific language launched 2012 — looks like Python, runs like C. Multiple dispatch, JIT via LLVM, type-stable functions compiled to machine code.
Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, Alan Edelman (MIT). Default package system (Pkg.jl), built-in array support, broadcast operator (.) for element-wise operations. Strong numerical stack — DifferentialEquations.jl often wins benchmarks.
Adoption in academia (climate science, physics) and quant finance. Never quite broke through against Python+NumPy/PyTorch in mainstream ML — the TTM advantage disappears once Python+Cython+JAX is fast enough.