C# (C-sharp)
Microsoft's statically typed language for the .NET platform — Anders Hejlsberg (Turbo Pascal, Delphi), 2000. Java-like syntax, more modern semantics.
Runs on the CLR (Common Language Runtime). Modern C# (12/13) has records, pattern matching, nullable reference types, file-scoped namespaces, primary constructors, collection expressions. .NET now runs cross-platform via .NET Core/.NET 5+; classic .NET Framework is Windows-only legacy.
Dominates enterprise Windows, Unity game development, ASP.NET web. Cross-platform via .NET MAUI and Blazor. Competes with Java on the JVM market and Kotlin in the Android segment.