Compelling Evidence 3.0
Visa's rule that lets a merchant win a fraud chargeback by showing the same customer has bought before without complaining.
The hardest dispute for an online shop is reason code 10.4, card-absent fraud. The cardholder says they never made the purchase, and the merchant has traditionally had little to say back. Since April 2023 it is enough to show two earlier transactions on the same card, made 120 to 365 days before and never disputed, that share at least two data points with the contested one: IP address, device ID, shipping address or user account. At least one of them has to be the IP address or the device.
If the evidence holds, liability goes back to the issuer and the dispute is over before it starts. The rule is aimed squarely at friendly fraud, where the cardholder did make the purchase and then forgot, regretted it or hoped nobody would check. It rewards merchants who actually keep their logs.