Blitting
Copying a rectangular block of pixels from one buffer to another in a single fast operation — the workhorse of 2D graphics.
Bit blit copies a rectangle of pixels — a sprite, a glyph, a window — from source to destination memory, optionally combining it with the pixels already there via a raster operation (AND/OR/XOR). Coined at Xerox PARC in the 1970s (Dan Ingalls' BitBlt for Smalltalk), it became the foundation of windowing systems and 2D games. Dedicated "blitter" chips — the Amiga's in 1985, the Atari ST, arcade boards — did the work in hardware while the CPU did something else.
Before GPUs turned everything into a textured quad, a 2D game was essentially a loop of blits into a framebuffer: background, then sprites, then HUD. XOR blitting even let you draw and erase a cursor without saving the background underneath. Modern 2D still blits, just by way of the GPU.