aptX
The audio codec Android phones and wireless headphones negotiate when both sides have paid Qualcomm.
The algorithm came out of Queen's University Belfast in the 1980s and was first used in radio and film. It splits the signal into four sub-bands and codes each with ADPCM, giving fixed compression, low latency and very little computation. CSR bought the company behind it in 2010, and Qualcomm bought CSR in 2015.
On Bluetooth, aptX became the alternative to the mandatory SBC codec: 352 kbit/s for 16-bit, 44.1 kHz audio. aptX HD raises that to 24 bits and 576 kbit/s. Android got the encoder built in from 2017, but Apple has never supported it — iPhone owners get AAC and are free to have opinions about that.