Machine learning ML
Computers that learn from data instead of following explicitly programmed rules.
Classic programs: "if temperature > 25, send a warning". ML programs: "here are 10,000 examples of what led to incidents — figure out the warning signs yourself".
Three main types: supervised (data with the right answer, e.g. "this email is spam"), unsupervised (find patterns without ground truth), reinforcement (reward for good decisions, like chess engines).