IoT Internet of Things
Network-connected physical devices — sensors, actuators, cameras, lights, cars. Kevin Ashton coined the term in 1999.
Scales from smart home (Philips Hue, Nest) to industrial (smart factories, Predix). Protocols: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP. Platforms: AWS IoT Core, Azure IoT Hub, ThingsBoard. Security disaster: huge volumes of devices, rarely updated, default passwords → Mirai botnet 2016. The EU Cyber Resilience Act (2024) mandates security patches for 5 years. Industrial IoT (IIoT) is considered distinct — higher reliability, OT (Operational Technology) integration.