InfoSoc Directive
The EU's 2001 copyright directive that outlawed circumventing copy protection – Europe's answer to the DMCA.
Directive 2001/29/EC brought the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty into EU law. It confirmed authors' exclusive rights over reproduction, communication and distribution in digital form, and in Article 6 banned circumventing "effective technological measures" – the same DRM protection that DMCA section 1201 created in the US. Article 5 lists the exceptions member states may adopt, and the list is exhaustive: anything not on it is off the table.
Computer programs are mostly governed by the older Software Directive, so InfoSoc matters chiefly for music, film and e-books. Sweden implemented it on 1 July 2005, the day downloading from illegal sources became unlawful there. The 2019 DSM Directive built on top of it, adding among other things a text-and-data-mining exception.