Dynamic microphone
A microphone whose diaphragm drives a coil through a magnetic field — a loudspeaker run in reverse.
The coil moving in the magnet gap induces a voltage directly, with no amplifier and no external power. The design is simple, rugged, and shrugs off sound pressure levels that would make a condenser distort, which makes it the default for snare drums, guitar cabs and singers who drop things.
Shure's SM57 (1965) and SM58 (1966) are still in production and have sold in the tens of millions; the SM58 is notorious for surviving use as a hammer. The downside is that the coil has mass: the top end rolls off, fine detail gets lost, and the low output wants a preamp with plenty of gain.