Apache Cordova
The framework that wrapped a web app in a native shell and gave it access to the camera and contacts — the original hybrid app.
The project began as PhoneGap at Nitobi, was bought by Adobe in 2011 and donated at the same time to the Apache Software Foundation under the name Cordova. The principle is simple: the app is a WebView displaying local HTML and JavaScript, and a bridge lets JavaScript call native code through plugins.
For a few years it was the standard answer to "one codebase, every platform". Performance was noticeably worse than native, though, particularly in lists and animations, and Facebook famously abandoned its hybrid app in 2012. Successors Capacitor and React Native took over, and Adobe shut PhoneGap down in 2020.