COBOL Common Business-Oriented Language
The business language from 1959, produced by the CODASYL committee with Grace Hopper as its driving force. Designed to be readable by managers, which yields sentences like ADD TAX TO PRICE GIVING TOTAL.
Programs are organized into four divisions, and data types are declared as character templates with PIC. The key to its survival is base-ten decimal arithmetic — money is counted exactly, unlike binary floating point — plus enormous throughput in batch processing on mainframes. It still runs core systems at banks, insurers and government agencies, and made the news during the pandemic when US states hunted for developers for their unemployment systems. Y2K was largely a COBOL exercise. Migration projects fail more often than they succeed, because the business rules exist only in the code. GnuCOBOL compiles via C, free of charge.