BigQuery
Google's serverless data warehouse — run analytical SQL on petabyte-scale data without managing clusters. Based on the Dremel paper from 2010.
Public 2010. Separate storage/compute (before Snowflake). Pricing per byte processed ($5/TB) — can get expensive on large scans without partitioning. Materialized views, BI Engine for OLAP acceleration. BigQuery ML runs SQL-based ML models directly. Supports Iceberg + Delta Lake for federated queries. Competitors: Snowflake (multi-cloud, simpler pricing), Databricks SQL, Redshift (AWS, older architecture), Athena.