Apple v. Corellium
The case in which a court found in 2020 that virtualised iOS for security research was fair use.
Corellium, founded in 2017, sold virtual iPhones: iOS running in the cloud, with the ability to halt the kernel, inspect memory and test exploits without touching a physical device. Apple first tried to buy the company, then sued it in 2019 for copyright infringement and for breaking the DMCA's anti-circumvention rules.
In December 2020 Judge Rodney Smith in Florida ruled that Corellium's use of iOS was fair use: the product was transformative, aimed at researchers and no substitute for an actual iPhone. The DMCA claim carried on, Apple appealed, and in December 2023 the two settled quietly. The ruling is often cited as one of the rare cases where security research outweighed a vendor's control over its own code.