Android
Google's mobile operating system. Built on the Linux kernel. Acquired 2005 (Android Inc), first release 2008. ~70% global smartphone market share.
AOSP (Android Open Source Project) is the open-source base. Google Play Services + Android Auto + Wear OS are proprietary Google additions. Apps in Java/Kotlin (officially) or native via NDK. SafetyNet/Play Integrity verifies the device isn't rooted. Modern versions: Android 14 (2023), 15 (2024), 16 (2025). The EU Digital Markets Act forced Google to allow third-party app stores in 2024. Major OEMs: Samsung (One UI), Xiaomi, Huawei (post-Google: HarmonyOS), Pixel (stock Android).